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decline in population of Aleppo due to the battle for the city. It is colloquially known in Syria as aš-Šām (الشام) and titled the "City of Jasmine" (مدينة الياسمين Madīnat al-Yāsmīn). In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major cultural center of the Levant and the Arab world. The city has an estimated population of 1,711,000 as of 2009[update]. Located in south-western Syria, Damascus is the center of a large metropolitan area of 2.7 million people (2004). Geographically embedded on the eastern foothills of the Anti-Lebanon mountain range 80 kilometres (50 mi) inland from the eastern shore of the Mediterranean on a plateau 680 metres (2,230 ft) above sea level, Damascus experiences a semi-arid climate because of the rain shadow effect. The Barada River flows through Damascus. First settled in the second millennium BC, it was chosen as the capital of the Umayyad Caliphate from 661 to 750. After the victory of the Abbasid dynasty, the seat of Islamic power was moved to Baghdad. Damascus saw a political decline throughout the Abbasid era, only to regain significant importance in the Ayyubid and Mamluk periods. Today, it is the seat of the central government and all of the government ministries. As of 2018[update], Damascus has witnessed repeated conflicts and has been considered by Mercer as one of the most unfavorable places to live. ^ Almaany Team. "معنى كلمة الفَيْحَاءُ في معجم المعاني الجامع والمعجم الوسيط – معجم عربي عربي – صفحة 1". almaany.com.^ Albaath.news statement by the governor of Damascus, Syria Archived 16 May 2011 at the Wayback Machine (in Arabic), April 2010^ a b Central Bureau of Statistics in Syria: Chapter 2: Population & Demographic Indicators Archived 13 February 2011 at the Wayback Machine Table 3: Estimates of Population actually living in Syria on 31 December 2011 by Mohafazat and six (in thousands)^ Sub-national HDI. "Area Database - Global Data Lab". hdi.globaldatalab.org.^ Eldredge, Niles & Horenstein, Sidney (2014). Concrete Jungle: New York City and Our Last Best Hope for a Sustainable Future. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-0-520-27015-2.^ Central Bureau of Statistics Syria Syria census 2004 Archived 10 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine^ Vienna unbeatable as world´s most liveable city, Baghdad still worst. Reuters. Retrieved February 14, 2019.Cite error: There are <ref group=note> tags on this page, but the references will not show without a {{reflist|group=note}} template (see the help page)." - (en.wikipedia.org 16.09.2019)

• Latitude33.513053894043
• Longitude36.291942596436
• Population1569394